Pumpin Iron :: essays research papers

You see them smiling. Standing poised, focused and in a state of jubilation. Some think they be crazy and have little regard for them while others idolize, respect and perhaps even aspire to be one more or lessday. Whether they choose to do it professionally as a career, or simply for recreational purposes the life of a Bodybuilder can be a very fulfilling and rewarding experience. But non without its share of hardships and tribulations. It was June of 2003, when I decided to train for and compete in the NY State Natural Bodybuilding Competition. I had been a Personal Trainer for close to four-spot years and been training routinely for almost seven years. Up to that point, my lifestyle of living in the gym and learning all I can or so nutrition and exercise was strictly a hobby for me. An obsession, but a hobby nonetheless. I had met a group of really nice guys at my gym, some of who had previously competed in competitions, and they convinced me to train with them for the next competition that was eight weeks away. What transpired over those following eight weeks was an experience I will never forget. We work-shy no time preparing. The day immediately following our decision to train together, we devised a bulking diet for ourselves. The purpose of this diet was to eat as much as you can for three to four weeks of relatively clean food, such as chicken, beef, fish, tuna, potatoes, vegetables and so on. I was consuming anywhere from 4000 to 5000 calories a day during that time. In connexion to the high calorie diet, I was also drinking close to two gallons of water a day. This left me feeling very bloated, stuffed, and borderline sick. There is not enough time in the day to prepare 5000 calories worth of food, so I had to supplement a lot by drinking high-calorie shakes often end-to-end the day at work. Taking in 340 grams of Protein a day further required me to keep all kinds of supplements, powders, potions, pills you name it, at work to be quickly a vailably to me. My office was slowly beginning to resemble a GNC store. Once I began to cope with the massive amounts of food I was consuming, I soon had another rampart to overcome the training. Never before had I trained like this.

Collective Memory :: essays research papers

Anthony D. Smith who wrote National Identity and Myths of Ethnic Descent discussed how myths are formed and how they can attract to the ethnic regeneration within a group of people. He associated his ideas on ethnic regeneration with the countries of Turkey, Greece, England, France, and Israel. His ideas clearly outlined the steps that are taken to refine when people are influence by myths created sometimes thousands of years ago in such cases as seen by Jews. There were eight steps which each of these nation-states were said to have followed, in order to be where they are today. Of these eight steps I do not agree with the one that says, they designate a space and time for their action. I do not liveliness that a specific time is designated. Instead I feel that the time is determined at a moments notice. This can be seen presently when referring to the future state of Palestine. The date for this states declaration of existence has changed numerous times during the past few yea rs.Yael Zerubavel writes about Collective remembering and Zionist reconstruction of the past. I do not agree with the historian that Zerubavel talks about in his writings. I feel that Halbwachs view of history expressed as collective memory. Collective memory is what gives a society is goals that they must seek in the future. It in addition creates a bond between the people of that society. As a result it leads to these people wanting to settle together in a nation-state. The Zionist impulsion is an example of something caused by collective memory. Through generations the Diaspora and other events in the lives of Jews have been passed on, which eventually led Jews to create a homeland in 1948.

Aspects of a Sonnet Essay -- Sonnets Literature Essays

Aspects of a SonnetExplore aspects of the sonnet tradition through reference to a rangeof material you have studied?A sonnet is a 14-line poem with each line having 10 syllables. Itoriginated in the 13th century and was introduced into England in the16th century by Sir Thomas Wyatt.The Petrarchan (or Italian) sonnet characteristically consists of aneight-line octave, rhyming abbaabba, that states a problem, asks aquestion, or expresses an emotional tension, followed by a six-linesestet, of varying rhyme connives, that resolves the problem, answersthe question, or resolves the tension. The rhyme scheme for the sestetis cdecde.For instance, Wilfred Owen uses the freshman eight-lines to pull in howdeaths at war are laid to rest and the sestet to describe how the samething is done back home (Anthem for Doomed Youth).The rhyme scheme for the sestet is cdecde.This is how the famous poet Francesco Petrarca, thus why it is namedthe Petrarchan Sonnet chose to write his sonnets.However Will iam Shakespeare, a famous English poet, used anothersonnet-rhyming scheme his is as followsThe first twelve lines are made up of three quatrains (blocks of fourlines linked by rhyme).The last two lines form a rhyming couplet, e.g. a rhyming pairabab, cdcd, efef, ggWilliam Shakespeare is frequently considered the greatest writer of Englishliterature that ever lived. By 1594 he was a rising playwright inLondon and an promoter in a leading theatre company, who performed at theGlobe Theatre from 1599. His 154 sonnets were originally published in1609 but it is argued that they were mostly scripted in the 1590s,often expressed strong feeling within an exquisitely controlled form.His son... ...question.What candles may be held to speed them all?(Anthem for Doomed Youth, line 9)To conclude, the six poets I have written about all had theirdifferent views upon their own chosen subjects. And how sonnet havebeen passed down through the generations and what a sonnet has becometoday in the ne o world. Shakespeare wrote about how love wastimeless whereas Keats had found love too late. Browning wrote of howdedicated she was to her husband whereas Rossetti wrote of how shewanted to be remembered when she was gone. Wordsworth saw things thatother people could not see and thus achieved his romantic poetictitle. And finally Owen portrayed his anguish and hatred of war in hissonnets with an equisetic use of language and vocabulary. All thepoets who wrote sonnets, young and obsolete have entranced millions ofreaders throughout the world.

In The Camps Essay examples -- essays research papers fc

In the CampsConcentration camp is a term that stirs up more emotions. How did they amaze ab stunned? What were they exactly? And just what went on inside those walls? Many have tried to give a full description of what life in the camps was like. With cringes fast moving and knowledgeable media the public has become very informed on the subject at hand. The fact still the Great Compromiser that some were there, so few can know what really happened. These three poignant questions posed above could each take eternity to fully understand. This is a piffling explanation of the atrocities that the Nazis handed out to the innocent victims of the Holocaust. How exactly did concentration and extermination camps come about, legally speaking? On kickoff gaze it seems that in toadys modern and civil world that nothing of this nature could ever happen. In fact it happened due to article 48, separate 2 in the German Constitution. Here the president is given far reaching emergency powers. This article was used by Paul von Hindenburg in 1933 liberal antifertility custody to protect the states security. From there in momentum gained. On April 12, 1934 an edict from the Ministry of the Interior was introduced governing protective custody curtilage for mental hospital of camps. This edict also decreed that those sent to concentration camps were under the rule of the Gestapo and their release was indicative to the discretion of this secret service. Power is a contradictory phenomena. at a time the Gestapo had legal rights to cruelty the act of playing God became easier to abuse. Terrence Des Pres explains this best by stating As power grows, it grows more and more hostile to everything after-school(prenominal) itself. Its logic is inherently negative, which is why it ends by destroying itself. . . The exercise of totalitarian power, in any case, does not stop with the demand of outward compliance. It try ons, further, to crush the spirit, to obliterate that prom pt inbound principle whose strength depends on its freedom from entire determination by external forces. And thus the compulsion, felt by men with great power, to seek out and destroy all resistance, all spiritual autonomy, all sign of dignity in those held captive. . .The death of the soul was aimed at. This verifies the purpose of these camps as given by Bruno Bettleheim. He ... ... Press, 1994. Levi, Primo. The Drowned and the Saved. excerpt on-line. available from http//www.spectacle.org/695/clothes.html.Orenstein, Henry. I Shall Live Surviving Against all Odds. New York Beaufort Books, 1987.Auschwitz and Birkenau. on-line. available from http//www.geocities.com/Heartland/7071/auschwitz.html.Pincus at Auschwitz. Accounts obtained through with(predicate) southward Carolina Voices Lessons from the Holocaust.on-line. available from http//library.advanced.org/12663/survivors/witness.html.Rudy at Auschwitz. Accounts obtained through South Carolina Voices Lessons from the Holocaust. on-line. available from http//library.advanced.org/12663/survivors/witness.html.Zyklon-B. on-line. available from http//www.spectacle.org/695/zyklonb.html.on-line. available from http//www.geocities.com/Heartland/7071/auschwitz.html. on-line. available from http//www.geocities.com/Heartland/7071/concentration.html. In The Camps Essay examples -- essays research papers fcIn the CampsConcentration camp is a term that stirs up many emotions. How did they come about? What were they exactly? And just what went on inside those walls? Many have tried to give a full description of what life in the camps was like. With toadys fast moving and knowledgeable media the public has become very informed on the subject at hand. The fact still remains that few were there, so few can know what really happened. These three poignant questions posed above could each take eternity to fully understand. This is a short explanation of the atrocities that the Nazis handed out to the innocent victims of the Holocaust. How exactly did concentration and extermination camps come about, legally speaking? On first glance it seems that in toadys modern and civil world that nothing of this nature could ever happen. In fact it happened due to article 48, paragraph 2 in the German Constitution. Here the president is given far reaching emergency powers. This article was used by Paul von Hindenburg in 1933 giving protective custody to protect the states security. From there in momentum gained. On April 12, 1934 an edict from the Ministry of the Interior was introduced governing protective custody grounds for establishment of camps. This edict also decreed that those sent to concentration camps were under the rule of the Gestapo and their release was indicative to the discretion of this secret service. Power is a strange phenomena. Once the Gestapo had legal rights to cruelty the act of playing God became easier to abuse. Terrence Des Pres explains this best by stating As power gro ws, it grows more and more hostile to everything outside itself. Its logic is inherently negative, which is why it ends by destroying itself. . . The exercise of totalitarian power, in any case, does not stop with the demand of outward compliance. It seeks, further, to crush the spirit, to obliterate that active inward principle whose strength depends on its freedom from entire determination by external forces. And thus the compulsion, felt by men with great power, to seek out and destroy all resistance, all spiritual autonomy, all sign of dignity in those held captive. . .The death of the soul was aimed at. This verifies the purpose of these camps as given by Bruno Bettleheim. He ... ... Press, 1994. Levi, Primo. The Drowned and the Saved. excerpt on-line. available from http//www.spectacle.org/695/clothes.html.Orenstein, Henry. I Shall Live Surviving Against all Odds. New York Beaufort Books, 1987.Auschwitz and Birkenau. on-line. available from http//www.geocities.com/Heartland/7 071/auschwitz.html.Pincus at Auschwitz. Accounts obtained through South Carolina Voices Lessons from the Holocaust.on-line. available from http//library.advanced.org/12663/survivors/witness.html.Rudy at Auschwitz. Accounts obtained through South Carolina Voices Lessons from the Holocaust. on-line. available from http//library.advanced.org/12663/survivors/witness.html.Zyklon-B. on-line. available from http//www.spectacle.org/695/zyklonb.html.on-line. available from http//www.geocities.com/Heartland/7071/auschwitz.html. on-line. available from http//www.geocities.com/Heartland/7071/concentration.html.

Ursula K. LeGuins The Lathe of Heaven and Science Fiction and the Futu

Ursula K. LeGuins The Lathe of paradise and Science Fiction and the FutureWhat allow for happen in a couple of days? a month ? a year? or twenty years from now? The answer is not known. Author Ursula K. LeGuin gives us the answers about the future from her point of view which can be seen through her article Science Fiction and the Future and her novel, The Lathe of Heaven. Ursula K. LeGuin believes people try to control the future they may have when in reality they have no control over the future. Every psyche(a) day we see examples of people trying to control the future and see the situation fail every single time. Through Le Guins article Science Fiction and the Future, LeGuin uses examples to support her theory of not being able-bodied to control the future. First, she uses the Quechua speaking people to relate their recognition of the future. The Quechua people view the future as in back of us. What does that mean? I feel that the Quechua people and LeGuins use of the Quech ua as an example shows how each individual is eventually without control. from each one person can see what is ahead of them. Each person can see right in front of them consequences of actions ones have made. Each one can see who they currently have in their life. But, if you are looking straight ahead you have no idea what is behind you. non being able to see anything is where LeGuin proves her theory. If you cant see something, how are you suppose to be able to change it? Many times in life, society as a whole likes to think of having knowledge of what the future may bring when actually the future is just predicted. I think that sometimes it is not faithful to try to predict the future for we never know if the prediction is really the best thing for us even though we would it... ... way Dr. Haber in The Lathe of Heaven does. Dr. Habers use of power misses the most vital point society needs change. I prefer to go with the Quechua speaking peoples view of not being able to see your future but being able to make glimpses. I like to think of having obstacles come my way so that I in treat can become a better person. I also believe that challenges in life our good because that is when you see how strong your faith is. If there were no obstacles in the world and only what you wish for, the world is a place that I would not like to be found at. So as for now, and with the galore(postnominal) obstacles I will have to face in the future, I will let the God that I believe in decide what my future will consist of. As far as Im concerned, I am safer with letting God be in control because I know he ultimately knows what in fact is the best for me and not my own desires.

Ursula K. LeGuins The Lathe of Heaven and Science Fiction and the Futu

Ursula K. LeGuins The Lathe of paradise and Science Fiction and the FutureWhat pass on happen in a couple of days? a month ? a year? or twenty years from now? The answer is not known. Author Ursula K. LeGuin gives us the answers about the future from her point of view which can be seen through her article Science Fiction and the Future and her novel, The Lathe of Heaven. Ursula K. LeGuin believes people try to control the future they may have when in reality they have no control over the future. Every genius day we see examples of people trying to control the future and see the situation fail every single time. Through Le Guins article Science Fiction and the Future, LeGuin uses examples to support her theory of not being equal to control the future. First, she uses the Quechua speaking people to relate their intelligence of the future. The Quechua people view the future as in back of us. What does that mean? I feel that the Quechua people and LeGuins use of the Quechua as an ex ample shows how each separate is at last without control. severally person can see what is ahead of them. Each person can see right in front of them consequences of actions ones have made. Each one can see who they currently have in their life. But, if you are looking straight ahead you have no idea what is behind you. non being able to see anything is where LeGuin proves her theory. If you cant see something, how are you suppose to be able to change it? Many times in life, society as a whole likes to think of having knowledge of what the future may bring when actually the future is just predicted. I think that sometimes it is not undecomposed to try to predict the future for we never know if the prediction is really the best thing for us even though we would it... ... way Dr. Haber in The Lathe of Heaven does. Dr. Habers use of power misses the most vital point society needs change. I prefer to go with the Quechua speaking peoples view of not being able to see your future but being able to make glimpses. I like to think of having obstacles come my way so that I in identification number can become a better person. I also believe that challenges in life our good because that is when you see how strong your faith is. If there were no obstacles in the world and only what you wish for, the world is a place that I would not like to be found at. So as for now, and with the more obstacles I will have to face in the future, I will let the God that I believe in decide what my future will consist of. As far as Im concerned, I am safer with letting God be in control because I know he ultimately knows what in fact is the best for me and not my own desires.

Australian Federalism

This stress forget outline the issues discussed during the Policy Roundtable on Federalism hosted by the Academy of neighborly Sciences in Australia (ASSA) and the Institute of Public Administration Australia (IPAA) on the 1718 May 2007 and will explore their impact on federalism and provide possible step to overcome them. The Roundtable discussion made it apparent that Australian federalism is dysfunctional and necessitate shaping up. The reasons included a combination of external and internal factors and pressures. The matter-of-fact reform process could address these factors and pressures to improve population-State relations.This could achieve enhanced constitution outcomes for the Australian community and provide a system of government that delivers the Australian state the opportunities they deserve (Brumby 2008). David Black (1998) describes federalism as the process by which the Commonwealth of Australia was formed on 1 January 1901, was unusual then, and still is. T he federal system has provided a comparatively stable cooperative form of government, however, changing demographics, global pressures and fiscal situations within government have meant that the system is now seen as being in a malaise and in necessity of repair (Wanna 2007).The modernisation and globalisation of markets, media and communication has eroded regional identities in Australia. In the past the Australian states were protected from a centralised form of federalism but as modern technology reduced the physical distance institutional barriers were decreased. These global pressures mean that Australian states risk get agent providers for a central government (Wanna 2007 page). Increased activity has resulted in hyper-interaction involving in all three levels of government.Additionally, lack of cultural regions in Australia unlike most other(a) federations meant lack of regionally based governance system (Wanna 2007 276). Australia retains a highly centralised fiscal syst em, holds a high amount of concurrent powers across all levels of government and lacks institutional barriers that pr razet a centralised system. Fiscal imbalance between states and the Commonwealth impacts directly at a regional level even though policies are driven nationally.Concurrent Commonwealth-State powers also impact at regional level due to lack of adequate attention given to factual impacts while decisions are made at federal level. The reduced stiffness of federalism has contributed towards these issues and has failed to keep pace with modern times. It is now in need of repair to compel it more efficient and capable of providing support to the modern Australian public. Current federal arrangements are holding back necessary micro-economic reform while in that location is a continuous struggle to respond to global economic forces. (Podger 2008).Although federalism can work it is non performing at the level expected. Participants at the Roundtable agree that the proce ss of reform can improve federalism but ask a different polity approach. Individual agreements on shared responsibilities will be needed to reshape policy areas. Increased cooperation and collaboration around national and state issues would need to be achieved. Participants started by looking at improving the generic architecture by enhancing the primary cooperation of levels of government through the Council of Australian Governments (COAG).This could be the platform for any further detailed reform in order to avoid policy making failures around shared responsibility between governments. It is also important to note that the attendees agreed reform would need to start from the current position and not echoing any previous attempts. The Australian federal system is characterised by a probative level of vertical fiscal imbalance and this issue would need to be addressed to assist in reforming federalism.The Commonwealth holds the monopoly on tax revenue from income and GST and mu ch of this is paid back to the states by way of Specific social function Payments (SPPs). These SPPs allow the Commonwealth to grant funds to states with conditions in areas that are constitutionally the states domain. As SPPs make up 40 % of Commonwealth grants the streamlining of these with a focus on outcomes would allow increased efficiency. In addition, guaranteed revenue would allow states to fund their responsibilities without central pressures.Whilst this imbalance could be reduced by assigning state expenditure responsibilities to the Commonwealth, it is an fantastic expectation to reduce such(prenominal) a significant imbalance. (Carling, 2008 page/s) Clearly defined roles and responsibilities for the different levels of government is essential, as Carling (2008 page) states, A federal system needs to be ?rmly anchored to a rational allocation of roles and responsibilities for the different levels of government Lack of clearly defined roles can cause duplication of proce sses and conflict in policy making, giving states the opportunity to avoid accountability.A review of roles and responsibilities is a logical starting point, with the functional roles of Commonwealth and the state clearly defined. This may require that the Commonwealth takes a leadership role to ensure states are able to effectively deliver services. It is important to understand that the distribution of responsibilities between the levels Government has evolved aver time, and will presumably continue to change as policy and political imperatives require. (Podger 2008)Collaboration between governments to deliver long term sustainable national solutions is needed to face the significant social, economic and environmental challenges. Recently, all three levels of government have become receptive towards the idea of cooperative federalism. For effective federation architecture of cooperation consisting components such as principles to guide, supporting legal and institutional arrangem ents and appropriate cultural practices and attitudes are required.Focus could be on formalisation of COAG through intergovernmental agreement, clarification of COAG and ministerial council relation, current review of federal financial relations and development of cultural practices to support the best of federalism. The change offers opportunities to make lasting improvements and Australian governments should seize the opportunity towards delivering effective national responses and generating substantial benefits for Australians. (Wanna, J. May 2009)Although the Australian federal system is perceived as declining and in need of reshaping, Australia is a prosperous nation. Federalism has seen Australia through times of significant stress including depression and war, and has led to the development of a welfare state. Rapid globalisation and modernisation demands that federalism adapt and adjust to meet competing demands. The options outlined in this essay provide the extending step s for already happening improvements by an ambitious government.

African Americans in Pop Culture Essay

African Americans have had an incredible lasting impression on popular culture. African American singers, artists, entrepreneurs, athletes and actors have all had their say and have really stood out within the past few years. Theyve also grown and not grown in several(predicate) ways all around from medicinal drug, to television, to movies. African American stereotypes still exist in all aspects of pop culture, slice many are trying to arouse away from what audiences assume is the typical black person.African Americans have been fighting for and against their own stereotypes when they started breaking out into music, then branching out into television, and making it braggart(a) in the film industry. Theyve gone from being the dumb, uneducated, and underprivileged minority of America, and have started to make themselves more known as gang bangers and thugs, which are often seen as heroes in popular culture. African Americans havent alone made a name for themselves or left a foot print in only their culture, but in American culture all around.African Americans have been making their mark in music all throughout history. Many started with the chicane and bebop rebellion during the 1940s and 50s in Detroit. They made their point by trying to be different. They didnt want to follow the typical white, swing music criteria, and thats exactly what happened. Bebop wasnt so mainstream, and thats what made it their own. They preferred small, unique combos to play instead of big named stars in the music industry. Detroit was take away light on the working class people of the town and precious to really make a sound for them.The 1940s created an afro-modernism, a response to the urbanization, industrialization, and modernization of African American Culture. Because of their movement ahead in music, they also made their movement in business. And so emerged an incredibly successful, black capitalist enterprise, Motown Records, founded by Barry Gordy. along with the m ovement in Detroit, the Harlem Renaissance had happened even before all the rage for jazz and bebop, which raised awareness to the visual arts, which led to even more developments in music.And even earlier at the beginning of the 20th century, blacks were starting to be accepted into acclaimed schools to study music and they were allowed to join the base of white people in symphony orchestras. During the 50s, doo-wop and soul music became popular. Thats when legends like Ray Charles emerged and paved the way for others. Soul music remained popular among blacks for long after the pop sounds started to reel through.By the end of the decade and moving into the 70s, blacks were starting to crossover into the typical white music trends. Psychadelic music had become popular. Jimi Hendrix, along his wah-wah pedal innovation, became one of the virtually popular guitarists during the era. Right after that, soul had become the popular music in the black community and was starting to revolut ionize African-American music. Soul had act success in popularity during the 70s, but the 70s also brought along a rise in black bands.White people were listening to country, disco, and all sorts of rock music, while the African-Americans had their funk, pop, soul, and jazz music that was on a totally different spectrum from their white counterparts. The 70s was also when Djs started mixing their own beats and playing their funk records the way they wanted to so they could get their audience to dance. And with the beats produced by Djs along with the poets who would read their poems to those beats, came the emergence of hip hop music. The era of hip hop music was a new revolution in African American popular culture.

Godiva Hong Marketing Plan

shortcomingketing Plan for GODIVA HONG in the Netherlands GODIVA HONG Chocolate therapy Introduction This report consists of a situational abbreviation and a capability grocery store analysis of Godiva Hong. This report is prep atomic number 18d by the RBS Marketing Consulting Firm. RBS is the only authorized tradeing strategic partner of GODIVA in Europe.The train of this report is to tally insight into the success-increasing factors (strengths) and the value-decreasing (impuissancees) factors of introducing Godiva Hong to the Netherlands, and produce a feasible grocerying schema with which the reaping fag end be introduced. The analysis is done with the helper of a SWOT-analysis. The grocery milieu consists of both the macro environment and the micro environment. The structure of this market visualise is based partly on the structure presented in Export business plan The Netherlands (2009). 2 Other academic books referenced for this reports structure and data allow be stated in the reference. 1. Profile 1. follow Profile The Godiva Company was founded in Belgium in 1926 for the exertion and retail confectionary ingatherings. The company was founded by Joseph Draps and was named after Lady Godiva a woman of great kindliness and beauty left an indelible impression upon the plenty she reigned over in Coventry (Godiva 2012). 3 Since its inception the company has kept to its customs of making umbers with a unique stampula of rich hot chocolate with unparalleled smoothness (Godiva 2012). 3 The company has important(prenominal)tained its realize of confectionery excellence by put uping c atomic number 18ful attention to flavour, innovation and design, evidence of the latter can be seen through their exquisite European-style gold ballotins and handcrafted seasonal furtherance. Till date the company owns and operates over 450 retail shops and boutiques worldwide and issues out six seasonal amaze off guild catalogs yrly (Godiva 2012 ). 3 2. Company Product Godiva offers a wide range of results from chocolate assortments and truffles chocolate bars chocolate treats biscuits, coffee, and cocoa dark, milk, and white chocolate gifts to baked desserts.The company just recently started producing a line of cocktails called Godiva Liqueur (Godiva 2012). 3 The company Godiva, plan on introducing a late line of chocolates onto the Dutch market in 2012. The new product is called Godiva Hong. The product is a special blend of Chinese ablaze(p) edible bean paste with a rich dark chocolate coating. The product seeks to blend the tralatitious exquisite look, smell and delicious judgment sensation of Godiva chocolates with an equally tasty red bean paste that has wellness benefits. The name Hong was chargen to institute the product an oriental person feel. Hong means red in Chinese and the color symbolizes luxuriousness and joy. 3.Company Mission A passion for innovation and lavishness combined with a truly memorabl e experience contained in each mouthful has made Godiva legendary. (Godiva 2012) 3 2. DESTEP analysis 1. Demographic Analysis According to CBS, the Netherlands is the 27th close to densely populate country in the world. The 16 million Dutch men and women atomic number 18 concentrated on an atomic number 18a of 41, 52 km?. This means that the country has a population density of 397 per km?. The emigration rate in the Netherlands is steep, for this reason the population growth is anticipate to decrease while the aging of the population is expected to increase. Education levelAccording to the OECD Health data, the Netherlands has a relatively the gritty education rate compared to different countries in Europe. 21 % of the educated population has university degrees. Eating and spoiling habits Dutch consumers have diverging eating and buying habits, consumers are paying more and more attention to having a healthier lifestyle. They are eating healthier, exercising more and as a result of globalization are welcoming healthy foods and trends from other cultures (Terry B. , 2012) 2. Economic Analysis. The economical structure of The Netherlands is characterized as open, outward- sounding and thinking out of the box.The Dutch economy has a firm international focus, as the Netherlands is one of the European Unions most dynamic centers of trade and industry. Owing monolithicly to its favorable location by the North ocean, it plays a key role as a main port and distri severelyion centre for companies operating worldwide. Amsterdams Schiphol Airport is one of the largest airports in Europe. For these reasons the Netherlands is much called, the Gateway to Europe. (Diane L. , 2011). 3On the other hand economic growth declined in by 0. 9% in the 4th quarter of 2008. According to CBS, the economy declined a bring forward 3. 50 % in 2009 and another 0. 5 % in 2010. (Svend H. , 2008) Purchasing power In figure 1 shows a chart of consumer purchasing power in the Net herlands. It can be observed from this chart that before the recession consumers had a high purchasing power. (Terry B. , 2011) Fig. 1 Purchasing power of consumers in the Netherlands Purchasing actor developments Periods % 2004 2005 -0. 2005 2006 3 2006 2007 3. 1 2007 2008 0. 3 2008 2009 1. CBS, 7-12-2009 3. Social and environmental Analysis Dutch people are open-minded they are adaptable and welcome or a lot hale new cultures from all over the world. (Diane L. , 2011). 2Majority of the people in the Netherlands speak English and more often than not other European languages. Dutch people tend to be very private this however does not mean they are not welcoming simply value their privacy and respecting the privacy of others.The Dutch are as well not known for their display of wealth for this reason it is very hard to distinguish between the well to do and poor in the Dutch society. 4. Technological Analysis Modern technology has been a major cause of the change in living standards in most countries. The Netherlands want galore(postnominal) other actual countries has interpreted full advantage of this phenomenon to make water a seemingly comfortable life for its citizens. One of the key tools that have played a monumental part in this transformation has been the internet.Since the creation of the World Wide Web in the early 1990s, the Internet has been transformed from a mere conversation tool into an undeniably incredible technology. The internet has since single handedly managed to revolutionize the way communication, business is done in todays world. Since its inception, many tools have been developed to enable the conduction of business through the internet one of which is e-commerce. E-commerce is a collective term utilize to describe the various methods of making online payments. E-commerce makes trading genial and substantially reduces the be involved in making trades. . Ecological Analysis The ecological rules for doing busine ss in the Netherlands have been tightened in recent years environmental health and safety have become very important. Businesses that wish to operate in the Netherlands have to adhere to these strict rules (HACCP rules) or face sanctions and fines. The ISO standard was introduced in the Netherlands in 2005. The ISO standards have a lot of requirements for management dodges for the food industry in the Netherlands, these help to ensure safety in food chains. Alternative encaseAlternative packaging is a hot transgressic in the fast consuming goods industry. Paper, tinned paper, paper box and plastic box are still frequently used in chocolate industry. However, in recent years, moves have been made to replace paper with PP material, which is cheap and excellent at protecting chocolate from heat. On the other hand PP material ages easily and has a tendency to break in low temperatures. 6. Political The Dutch governance is what one calls a monarchical government, meaning that it is n ot only comprised of the ministers and the state incomprehensiblearies, but also the monarch, Queen Beatrix.Another term for describing this is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system, whereby the constitution has determined how the powers are divided between the Queen and the other institutions of the government. (Holland Handbook, 2011) 2 The cabinets responsibilities are preparing and implementing legislation, overseeing the local anaesthetic government, carrying out the day-to-day business of government and maintaining international relationship. There are two houses (the Lower House and the Upper House) in the Parliament.The Lower House is elected directly by people and the Upper House are elected by the members of the provincial councils. The two Houses of Parliament have been given 4 rights the right to set a budget the right of interpellation the right to plant questions to ministers and state secretaries and the right of inquiry. Furthermore, the Lower Hous e has been given two additional rights the right of amendment and the right to propose legislation. (Holland Handbook, 2011)2 The Netherlands not only has a primal government, but also provincial and municipal government and the water boards.The central government is responsible for national interest. The provincial government concerns social work, cultural events, environmental management, nil and sports. The municipal governments occupies traffic, housing, social services, health care, water supply, education and recreation. In decree to secure these activities, the provincial government and the municipal government receive fund from the central government and levy tax. The facial gesture is deserve to be noticed before launching a marketing plan is the Netherlands operates the same taxation system as all European countries.Currently, the standard VAT rate is EU is 19% with a reduced rate of 6% only applying for certain goods and Service. (Government Profile 2011) Upon busines s-based aspect of Dutch politics, a change of government does not usually impact domestic and international business dramatically. All in all, the Netherlands, as a the penetration to Europe, the government protects and accompaniments its development by emphasizing strongly on tax law, health, labor, company , commercial, civil, environment and intellectual property matters. 3. Competitive Analysis-Applying Porters five-spot forces . 1 Threat of new entrants The panic of new entrants to Godiva can be analyzed from the hobby aspects Supply-side economies of scale Godiva chocolates are produced in Belgium and the USA to satisfy get by worldwide. However, the companys products which are specialty goods are not produced on a large scale, this results in the fixed costs per unit being relatively high. A new entrant could use this to their advantage by producing relatively more and competing on price. Capital requirement a large sum of specie is needed to establish a complete prod ucing line.A new entrant testament have to fund, fixed costs such as factory and machines, variable costs such as raw material, labor force, and advertisements. In addition, chocolate distribution is not easy. Special considerations equivalent the temperature, and damage during transportation, lead need to be compactn into consideration. This go forth demand more requirements from a Third Part Logistics provider which get out result in a high distribution fee. When all these factors are considered, the threat of new entrants to Godiva is not high. 3. 2 talk terms power of suppliers The dicker power of Godivas supplier is high.The reasons are numerous. The key raw material for the production of chocolates is cocoa beans these are grown in South America, Africa, and Middle East Asia. However, Godiva uses only high quality cocoa beans in the production of its chocolates and these are hard to come by, so once a supplier is selected, a corporative relationship is cultivated in ord er to maintain a long business relationship. The dicker power of raw material supplier is therefore high since the supplier can easily decide to sell his cocoa beans to Godivas competitors. 3. 3 Bargaining power of buyersThe diversity and highly differentiated chocolate products of Godiva keep the bargaining power of customer at a low level. As one of the most famous Belgian chocolate producers with loyal customers worldwide, when buyers think of buying chocolate with wonderful flavors and elegant packaging, they think Godiva. Same as Victorias secret and Starbucks, Godiva mainly focus on creating surprise, passion, and excitement around its brand (Philip Kotler, 2008). 9 It is also difficult for buyers to integrate forwards into Godiva due to its special handmade product line.The bargaining power of buyers is therefore low. 3. 4 Threat of substitutes Although current market full of hundreds of chocolate producers with very competitive products, Godiva still has a stable market shar e. Godiva achieved this by positioning its self away from mass markets and associating its brand with other luxury brands like Armani Exchange, Victorias secret, Bose, Tiffany & Co, Coach, and so on. These companies share common characteristics, such as portrayal of desirable luxury in their product design or gustatory sensation and their high, but not too expensive price range.Godiva does not consider mass market products like Mars and Snickers its substitutes but rather luxury gift items like champagne, expensive jewelry or products from other high-end chocolate brands like Guylian, Neuhaus, and Leonidas, when these other product are considered the potential threat is high. 3. 5 Industry competitors The industry competitors at the same level as Godiva are few. However, Godivas product assortments are more deeply differentiated than that of the others. The cost of switching from other brands to Godiva for a customer is relatively low.Godiva spreads its fixed costs per unit by prod ucing large quantities compared to its competitors because of this Godivas prices have remained competitive. In addition, Godiva has over 450 special stores and more than century0 retail shops, which have already taken up a sizeable market share. All these factors considered makes Godivas, exit barrier relatively low. However, rivalry is expected to intensify when competitors launch marketing strategies such as price changing, publishing new products, and upward(a) customer service.Especially during special holidays like east wind, each company will launch new product to attract more market segments. 4. Competitors analysis Among the competitors list, the strong competitors of Godiva in the Netherlands are Neuhaus, Leonidas and Guylian 1. Competitor one Guylian Guylian chocolates are sold in over 100 countries across Europe, Asia, Australia and America. It is one of the top ten best selling boxed chocolate brands, and often seen onValentines day, Mothers day, Easter, Christmas and other popular holidays. 17 Products Guylians chocolates range includes the world famous chocolate Sea Shells, truffles, assorted pralines, bars and many other gourmet creations. All made inBelgium with the finest Belgian chocolate. Strengths Strong brand names gamey quality chocolate made by pure cocoa butter Highly distinctive chocolate like Sea shells and sea horse, sugar- cease dark chocolate Available in most major high street retailers, including supermarkets, hypermarkets, division stores, specialty food stores, petrol stations, duty free shops. Weaknesses online-shop are not in stock(predicate) Marketing strategy Constantly launching new accessories to support customers special requirement. Special holidays, for instance, Guylian designed new greeting cards and chocolate boxes to enrich their product display. Enhance product line by producing luxury sea shells and sea horse chocolate. Enhance public realization through taking part in different product exhibitions and social activities. 4. 2 Competitor two Neuhaus The Neuhaus group is an independent manufacturer of pralines and other chocolate delicacies in the luxury chocolate sector.It is effected in over 50 countries with 1500 sales outlets. 10 Products Neuhauss chocolate products consist of Pralines, Ice Cream, Confectionery, Boxes, and other chocolate. Strengths Very strong brand name which has over 100 years Belgium Royal chocolate Deeply differentiated product line Concentrated on their core products Neuhaus products are available in many boutiques, department stores, shopping centers, airports and online-shopping center. Favorable access to distribution networks Well organized online customer service Weakness Fewer specialty stores in the Netherlands. Price is comparatively high. ecological niche market share Marketing Strategy Focus on their core business Special customer service offer corporate discounts starting for order of $1000 or above Provide free customize gift ca rd with logo Use newsletter to receive customers feedback and remedy their products. Guarantee customers buying chocolate will be delivered next morning. 4. 3 Competitor three LeonidasLeonidas is a world-renowned chocolate maker. It is famous for its freshness, generosity and traditional thwack. Its selling over 100 different kinds of Belgian chocolate through 1,400 outlets around the world. 11 Product Butter toss chocolates Special cream chocolates Ganache chocolates candied fruit Marzipan Liqueur cream chocolates Cream caramel chocolates Pralines Plain chocolate Strengths Clarify assortment of products according to ingredients, design, occasions and taste. Good write up among customers With 250 specialty stores in the Netherlands, customers can buy their products at any city Price is acceptable even for personal consumption Weaknesses Online shop is not available European market too saturated Marketing Strategy Launched a new premium product line L, smaller and more c racking chocolate, similar to Godivas G collection (Chang Sub Kim, Deyeon Kim, March, 2008) Clear organization mission A century of freshness, generosity and tradition Large number of shops to create a sense of A word of chocolate is closer than you think for customer . SWOT ANALYSIS Strengths Weaknesses Environme ntal .Efficient and effective distribution impart and New taste systems High-quality product Healthy product . High market share .Unique taste . Unique design . Product specialty . Existing marketing insurance . High market share .New Marketing policy OrganizatOpportunities Threats ional Expanding the market .Substitute product . Product Diversification . Competitors . Product extension 5. 1 Strength Healthy product Godiva Hong is has health benefits according to Chinese medicine the red beans that we will used in the new chocolates have health improving effects. Scientific research has proven that the red bea ns are a good source of protein, soluble (and insoluble) fiber, folate (vitamin B12), magnesium, potassium and a number of other health promoting nutrients.The researchers concluded that it reduces heart attack by more than 80% 16. According to USDA researcher Ronald Prior, red beans contain even more proanthocyanidins than blueberries, cranberries, and small beans 16. So it is one of our most important strong points that we will be providing health with taste. High quality Godiva is already famous for its high quality products. Godiva Hong, will offer customers the same quality in taste and exquisite design of its packaging. Godiva considers its quality as one of its strengths because it already has a satisfied amount of targeted consumers its experience in this field becomes its strength.Efficient and effective distribution channels and systems Godiva has a very efficient and effective distribution system. Godiva Hong can be ordered online from Godivas official website or other we bsites. It can also be ordered via predict. Existing marketing policy Godiva has various strategies for marketing its products. The company has its own website that has a web shop, they also have a catalogue system their catalogs are released usually in the fall, holiday, Valentines Day, Easter, spring, Mothers Day and summer periods. During the holidays 10 million books are circulated. Godivas most recent data card lists 35,200 catalog buyers from the last 12 months.They are also well equipped with seasonal promotional offers and strong media coverage policy. 13 This existing marketing policy will be used to help promote Godiva Hong. Unique taste The new product has a rich chocolate coating outside with traditional Godiva flavor and a red bean paste inside. It will have an aroma that evokes interest, curiosity. The product will merge the unique taste of sweetened red bean with the traditional rich taste of Godiva dark chocolates. Unique design The packaging for Godiva Hong will be an elegantly designed bamboo box covered in red silk. In Chinese tradition the color red symbolizes warmth, passion and luxury.The design and color of our package is to stir up these feelings in our clients. The use of Chinese materials in the packets of Godiva Hong will give it a unique texture pic Product specialty The color and all other materials that will be used for Godiva Hong will represent the brands luxury and excellence. Color, design, materials of Godiva Hong will be a perfect representative of Chinese culture also. High market share According to the annual report of 2006 Godivas market share is in good position and its increasing 15. So it is a strong point for the new product. Well organized Godiva boutique established its image as a luxury good it attracts a huge amount of customer.We will make it stronger using our effective marketing policy. New Marketing policy Godiva has media plans including image and tactical print in various magazines such as Vogue, In Style, Harpers and Vanity Fair, and also regional newspapers during the holidays. Direct mailing is done to support some product launches 13. Exhibitions will also be organized in several shopping centers and our boutiques, free savours will be given to current customers when they address our boutiques to buy our other well-known products. Godiva Hong will also use product placement and sponsorship to meet its objectives. 5. 2 Weakness New taste Our main weakness is the new unfamiliar taste.This taste is familiar with Chinese people but for European people it will be a totally new taste. It is a weakness that we need to overcome by promoting this new taste in an attractive manner Well organized promotion, attractive packaging and designing. We will also maintain and combine the existing taste with the new product and also the same aroma so that the existing customer can identify this new product as a part of Godiva. 5. 3 Opportunities Expanding the market After Godiva Hong has gained eno ugh recognition with the current customers of Godiva, the target market will be spread out to include young customers (20-30) to expand our customer segment. Product DiversificationWe will diversify our product portfolio in future by promoting more new taste inside Godiva chocolate. This will open an opportunity for us to enrich our market share. Product extension In future we will look forward to have a bun in the oven our product to more diverse product line. We will make Ice-cream Hong, Candy Hong and more. 5. 4 Threats Substitute product Godiva Hong is a luxury product, the company considers other luxury products like Champaign or flower bucket its substitute. The relative price and performance of these substitute products are a threat. dormant we can overcome this threat by maintaining our customer oriented marketing policy. CompetitorsIn Netherlands competitors like Neuhaus, Leonidas and Guylian are able to cause great threat to Godiva because of their brand positioning and quality production. Still we can overcome this threat by establishing the uniqueness of the new chocolates with the new unique taste and its strong brand positioning policy. 6. Marketing Strategy 6. 1Marketing intent 6. 1. 1 Awareness Objective In 2012, Godiva will embark on a campaign to introduce its customers in the Netherlands to a new line of oriental themed chocolates called Godiva Hong. 6. 1. 2 Sales Objectives Increase overall brand sales by 3% with the introduction of Godiva Hong by the second quarter of 2014. Widen target market for Godiva Hong by focusing mainly on young adults (ages 20 30) by 2016. 6. 2 Marketing Strategy Since Godiva Hong is a new product, creating awareness for it will take a front seat in the companys promotional activities. The product will be introduced through Advertisements, Exhibitions and Social Media. The product will earlier be introduced on the companys website and its customer catalogs. The advertising for Godiva Hong will focus on stay ing true to Godivas position as a high end chocolate brand that is unique and glamorous. The adverts will appeal to the customers emotions by branding the product as a luxury treat.The adverts will be telecast on all major Dutch television channels at prime times. There will also be adverts slightly Godiva Hong placed in luxury magazines the company already advertises in they include Vogue, Forbes, In Style, Harpers and Vanity Fair. The company will strike a deal with KLM to award free samples of Godiva Hong to their first class passengers. A similar deal will be struck with some 5 star hotels in the Netherlands to put free samples of Godiva Hong in welcome baskets. Exhibitions will also be organized in several shopping centers and our boutiques, free samples will be given to current customers when they gibber our boutiques to buy our other well known products.These exhibitions will also be used to attract new customers, and will give the company the opportunity to get feedback f rom our customers on what they think of the new product. The sales objective will be achieved with the aid of social media. Through data and tests conducted in the past the company has managed to form a very good picture of who its current customers are. Through these tests they know demographic figures such as, 75% of our current customers are over the age of 32, 60% have children more than 85% have completed college. They also gathered some psychographic information such as these customers love to indulge but are still health conscious.With the aid of this data, the company will communicate individually with these clients through social media (Face book, Twitter and blogs). The new product Godiva Hong will be introduced to them, as a treat with exquisite taste, the health benefits of the new product will also be emphasized while asking them questions and using their responses to improve on the marketing strategy. Godiva will also use product placement and sponsorship to meet its m arket expansion objectives. The company will hire the services of popular Dutch celebrities like artistes Nick and Simon by placing the new Godiva Hong in some of their videos. This strategy is to help make Godiva Hong attractive to young adults.These are the tools Godiva will use to meet its marketing objectives for Godiva Hong. The company will focus first on its current clients and when enough attention has been created on the product in that domain it will poke out its target market to include young adults. 6. 3 Target market and Positioning The people of Netherlands like other European countries will continue to embrace the consumption chocolates in search of indulgence. In recent years, chocolate consumption is being enhanced by a growing demand for healthier, higher quality products that incorporate new tastes. These circumstances in the Dutch market offer a good opportunity for confectionery products like Godiva Hong.When Godiva Hong is introduced its primary target market will be the current customers of Godiva products in the Netherlands. After the product has gained recognition and acceptance from the current flock of Godiva customers the target market will then be widened to include young adult (people between the ages of 20 and 30 who have just started working careers). Godiva Hong like all other Godiva products is an upscale luxury product, and like the other products will be positioned as such. The aim is to strengthen the products position as a high-end product that customers will be proud to buy. 7. Marketing movement plan 7. 1 Description of productGodiva Hong is an oriental themed chocolate with sweetened red bean paste and a rich dark chocolate coating. Instead of traditional nut, alcohol, walnut or jam filling, GOVIDA is going to use sweetened red bean paste. It is a healthy traditional Chinese filling in Baozi, Zongzi, Yuanxiao, moon on cakes and other snack. It is sweet, soft and melts smoothly in the mouth. The packaging for Godiva H ong is an elegantly designed bamboo box covered in red silk. 7. 1. 1 Product Classification Godiva already has several different product lines chocolate assortments and truffles chocolate bars chocolate treats biscuits, coffee, and cocoa dark, milk, and white chocolate gifts and baked desserts.Godiva Hong is a new product with a brand extension strategy that appeals to existing market. It is a new product in the chocolate collections& treats product line. In addition to chocolates, Godiva also sells truffles, coffee, cocoa, biscuits, dipped fruits and sweets, chocolate liqueur, shakes, wedding and party favors and other items arranged in gift baskets. Godivas signature package is the Gold Ballotin (French for small, elegant box of chocolates). Godiva also produces seasonal and limited-edition chocolates with special packaging for all major holidays. Godiva also has license for the production of ice cream, cheesecake, coffee pods and liqueur that comes in several chocolate-related fl avors. (Godiva, 2012) 7. 1. Package Because the target market of Godiva Hong is middle and high class people, the packaging was designed to unique and elegant in order to evoke a sense of luxury. Chinese elements were added to the design in order to give an inclination to the origin of the product On the wrapping paper or baskets, the Chinese knotting will be presented. Also environmentally friendly, materials such as bamboo will be used in the design for the packaging So our traditional package for present product line is better changed as red for main color. 7. 1. 3 Service Several special services are provided as follows Online and telephone order.Customers can order Godiva Hong online or via telephone, due to a standing specify the Godiva company has with UPS they can be assured of a timely delivery. Gift card. Beautiful gift cards and exquisitely-designed packages can be sent with every order at the customers request. Unique design. Customers can get involved in the prod uction of their chocolate orders by designing the chocolate shapes themselves with the aid of our chocolate design bundle online. Name and blessings. Names and blessings can be carved into the chocolates or the packaging upon the customers request. 7. 2 Price The main purpose of price strategy is to price Godiva Hong at an acceptable level, while aiding in the promotion of the product 7. 2. 1 Pricing strategy for GodivaGodiva Hong seeks to attract customers who are willing and proud to pay a little more for high quality product. Our target customers are the current Godiva customers mainly middle and high class people who are looking for high quality chocolates as gifts for birthday, wedding, special events and business purposes. The price of Godiva products has stayed stable over many years. This proves Godiva has a strong brand image that does not make do on price. 7. 2. 2 Pricing for Godiva Hong Godiva Hong is a new product with a brand extension strategy that appeals to existi ng market. So, the price of our new product will be set to meet the consistency of existing product in the chocolate collections& treats product line.Price for Godiva Hong Beaded Easter Egg 25 Enchanted Easter Gift ring 90 Signature Chocolate Truffle Assortment 40 Gift Box 3070 of different sizes Delights Gift Basket with Spring 75 Price for Godiva Hong and competitors (cooperation as small size gift box) Godiva Hong 40 Neuhaus 48 Leonidas 36 Guylian 20 101117 7. 3 Place The main purpose of our place strategy is to choose the best distribution channels to sell Godiva Hong. 7. 3. 1 Traditional distribution channellocal malls Thanks to our existing local malls which provide maturity distribution channels, Godiva Hong can be bought wherever and whenever the customers want to purchase it. 7. 3. 2 New distribution channel online and telephone orderIn recent years, online and telephone orders have attracted a lot of attention. According to Godivas last marketing report, the quant ity of orders through these two new distribution channels is increasing year by year. So, it is a good choice to sell Godiva Hong also through these two new distribution channels. The customer can just log in our online order website to buy chocolate as the follow http//www. godiva-online-store. eu/index-en. htm. Due to the contract with UPS a timely delivery is assured. Other services provided on the website are gift cards. The customers can just buy it on the website. It has 30, 50, 100 different choices. 7. 3. 3 New distribution channel co-worker websiteThe customers can also buy Godiva Hong on other websites as follows Gift for euro Pick up flowers Gifts n ideas These website are co-operating with our company. So the customers can buy Godiva Hong from these websites when they buy some other gifts and flowers. 7. 3. 4 New distribution channel Fashion event& business press release Godiva is co-operating with event organizers for fashion shows and business press releases. Associ ation with these events is to aid in the extension of Godiva Hongs the popularity as a luxury brand. Also, the patrons of these events make up our core clients so, sales could also be generated by selling Godiva Hong at these events. 7. 4. PromotionThe main purpose of our promotion strategy is to introduce Godiva Hong to existing customers and potential consumers. 7. 4. 1 Marketing channel advertisements Advertising is Godivas traditional marketing channel. Advertisements have had nasty impact on sale of Godiva products. So we will still adapt this marketing channel. The commercial advertising will be concentrated in following Medias Television. The period of time that we will advertisement will be related to special event such as Easter, Queens Day. Magazine. The magazines that we will consider are include Vogue, Forbes, In Style, Harpers and Vanity Fair this kind of high-fashion magazines. Internet including social media.Social Media channels such as face book or twitter will be used to communicate to our clients individually on the merits of Godiva Hong. 7. 4. 2 Marketing channel The shopping center exhibition Promotional exhibitions are also an important marketing channel for Godiva. It is soon April. Several holidays, such as Easter, Queens Day, are in the April. We will have promotional events in shopping centers where our shops exist. The customers can have savoring sessions for Godiva Hong in our shop for free. Feedback will be gathered from them on how to further improve the product or its marketing strategy 7. 4. 3 Free sample delivery Several main strategies are implemented to improve the popularity of Godiva Hong for the first three months. Strategy oneExisting customers, who will buy our traditional products, will have a small Godiva Hong sample for free. Strategy two According to the last six months order records, the Godiva Hong sample will be sent to those customers as a gift, who ordered other products of chocolate gift baskets, seasonal gifts, gifts by occasion and business gifts product lines. Strategy three In the airport, the Godiva Hong sample will be provided in the first class of KLM. Strategy four In some international 5-star chain hotels, the Godiva Hong sample will be provided as a gift in the welcoming basket. Bibliography and References 1 Cougar, 2005, Godiva Case Study, Strategic Issues, Problems, and Opportunities, online, http//www. oppapers. om/essays/Godiva-Case-Study/65561, accessed 15th Mar. 2012 2 Diane L. , 2011, Holland Handbook, 2nd, EXPT Media,, Rotterdam, Netherlands 3 Godiva, 2012, Godiva Chocolatier Inc, online, http//www. godiva. com/category/chocolate-collections-treats/id/131. gdv, accessed 15th Mar 2012 4 Ilhantek, 2006, Godiva Europe, Problems, online, http//www. oppapers. com/essays/Godiva-Europe/90574, accessed 15th Mar 2012 5 Lofthouse, R. 2007. Luxury chocolate is piling on the pounds as Godiva becomes the latest to tempt buyers. The Business. online. Published 18 August 2007. Ava ilable from http//www. factiva. com accessed 15th Mar 2012. 6 Milmo, C. 2007.The capital gains London is the new plutocrats paradise. The Independent. online. Published 8 February 2007. Available from http//www. factiva. com accessed 15th Mar 2012. 7 Moskow, R. & Aquino, P. 2007. Campbell Soup Company Godiva may gallop off. Credit Suisse Equity Research, accessed 15th Mar 2012. 8 Wikipedia, 2012, Godiva Chocolatier, online, http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Godiva_Chocolatier, accessed 15th Mar 2012 9 Philip Kotler and Gary Armsrtong (2008), Principle Of Marketing 12th Ed, P232, Pearson Education. New tee shirt 07458, U. S. A Chang Sub Kim, Deyeon Kim, Han Seo, Wendy Shin, Minkyung Suh, (March 2008). Godiva Chocolatier in North

Literature review on the cognitive processes involved with face recognition Essay

To human beingnesss, facial recognition is not only essential for identification of souls in the social context, but also a vital social tool. There are various reasons why facial recognition physical process is a vital to human beings. Facial recognition serves an essential purpose of identifying members inwardly our society as a result, we are able to select those that we can socialize with that aid our survival in society.For instance, the males are able to select or identify the female and establish relationship that results to continuity of generation (Matsuo, Nakai, 1998, p. 110). While strong relationship and bonding exhibited in mformer(a) to child are facilitated by the facial recognition aspect.The other vital figure out played by the facial recognition function is its ability to give cultivation about individualists emotional status through expression aspect like a smile or gloominess which serves as a mode of communication. Therefore, imputable to this significanc e importance of the facial recognition, psychologists have shown interest in studying the cognitive processes involved in facial recognition. In this line of thought, this paper shall probe and discus the cognitive processes and systems involved in facial recognition by individuals.Encoding of bet by individualIt is a common knowledge that in order for a person to recognize the flavour, the face features or cues must be encoded first in the long term depot. Thus, understanding face convert precedes the recognition action. The first and initial stages of facial coding are referred to as structural encoding. In this stage, the visual entropy is encoded from the face into the information that shall provide information or be a data bank to face recognition systems in the stage of facial recognition.Encoding takes place in two breach processes, with the first one being view touch on description that encodes the facial features like beards, color, eyes, nose, mouth and eyebrows wh ich can be identified when viewed at an angle. From initial onsite of a person view centered description is involved in perceptual input that records the aspects of the face including its features. From the information input from the view cantered description, information is further urbane to create a structural model of the face that facilitates comparison with other faces in memory.The second part of the processes is the expression independent descriptions that take its inputs from the view centered expressions. This second phase uses the already processed structural model of the face which is transferred to notional FRUs (face recognition units) (Matsuo, Nakai, 1998, p. 113) that will be now coded in semantic memory and would allow the facial recognition based on this stored information.In other words, facial recognition starts from basic perceptual manipulations on the sensory information to fall details about the person that generate cognitive ability to recall meaningful det ails of a person by seeing his or her face. decent encoded face features enables the retrieval of features that relate to relevant past experiences of the individual and name that assists in recognizing the person.After structural encoding of the face features into FRUs, there are other parallel processes which decease like expression analysis processing stage receiving inputs from the view-centered process whereby an individual would analyze facial expression and imagine. But for the persons with brain ruin cannot interpret expressions but can recognize faces.This is because these individuals with damaged brain, they can see facial features movements but they can not read the meaning of this facial features movement. otherwise parallel processes stage after encoding of the facial features into the FRUs is the facial speech analysis. This facial speech analysis stage of processing helps to separate distinct information from general information that gives more meaning to the enco ded information (Shepherd, 2008, p. 320).Face recognition and identificationAfter the information has been encoded into the semantic memory and can be used, the person visual perception shall be active and ready to retrieve features to identify the face. According to Pretty and Benson, (2001) they states that face recognition involves stages that involve FRUs (Face Recognition Units). FRUs are nodes in spite of appearance individuals long term memory that are associated with familiar face.When an individual eyes as a sensory organ sees an individual face which is referred to as a stimuli, it results to activation that is fed into FRUs. Within the FRUs there is inhibition and interactive activation, the node that reaches level of threshold activation will correspond to the face being observed, shall result to that face being recognized.While nodes that do not reach threshold activation level shall not correspond to the face being observed, therefore it will not be recognized. After recognizing the face, the FRUs and PINs (Persons Identifying Nodes) links and PINs receive input from the FRUs. This linkage enables the PINs to process and provide necessary information about the person. However, it is distinguished to note that FRUs and PINs interact at levels of subjects reaction time and name generation process for complete facial recognition. This is a simple process that leads to an individual recognizing and identifying the face of a friend or stranger.Possible misunderstandings associated with face recognitionMost researches indicate that there are various errors that may occur in the process of facial recognition (Parkin, 2000 Retterstol, 2004). The errors are attributed to the brain disorders or neurological illness associated with such patients that are likely to make such errors. The ascendant error is Prosopagnosia as a face perception disorder. Prosopagnosia is an impairment in recognizing faces that is usually caused by brain injury or neurological illness. In this baptismal font of Prosopagnosia, an individuals ability to understand face is impaired, as a result, he or she can not recognize a face despite other perceptual skills like discriminating objects and recognizing remaining intact.The other error associated in facial recognition is misidentification. Misidentification error which is as a result of a syndrome which psychologist scholars refer to it as Delusional misidentification syndrome being a branch of the disorders which are caused by either neurological or mental illness to a patient. Misidentification error occurs as a result of a patient believing that the identity of an object or place or a person has somehow changed or has been altered. For instance, some patients with Delusional misidentification syndrome believe that close relative has been replaced is an example of the misidentification (Blakemore, 1970, p. 216)ReferenceParkin, A.J. (2000) Essential cognitive Psychology Psychology Press,Retterstol, N. ( 2004). Delusional misidentification syndromes Psychopathology 27117120.Matsuo, K. & Nakai, T (1998) Cognitive Studies Journal of Cognitive Psychology vol.5, p.100118.Blakemore, C. (1970). The representation of three dimensional visual spaces Journal of Physiology, 209, 155178.Shepherd, J. (2008) Face recognition accuracy as a function of mode of representation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 63, 180187

Why Sherlock Holmes Is Just as Original as C. Auguste Dupin

Why Sherlock Holmes is Just as Original as C. Auguste Dupin After reading ii famous amateur detective stories by Edgar Allan Poe and two by Arthur Conan Doyle, I found myself questioning the originality of Doyles stories as comp bed to Poes stories. The stories in question are The Purloined Letter and Murders in the Rue Morgue by Poe and The Adventure of the dapple hardening and A Scandal in Bohemia by Doyle. All four of these stories had very exciting figment lines and had very interesting mysterious aspects . Since the Poe stories of C.Auguste Dupin were written well before Doyles stories of Sherlock Holmes, this leads to the question of whether or non Doyles stories are genuinely original or if a great deal of his stories ideas were copied from Poe. I believe that Doyles detective stories are just as inventive and original as Poes detective stories. One of the biggest and probably most obvious similarities in the midst of the stories is that of the plots. In The Purloined Letter, Dupin is contacted by the prefect to help the police retrieve a letter that had been stolen.This letter was of great importance to a certain soul and if this letter was released to the public it would reveal things that could ruin that persons reputation. The prefect knows Minister D- stole the letter. He also knows that the letter must to be very close the minister who stole it because the mightiness to produce the letter when needed is just as important to the minister as actually having it. The police devour searched the ministers hotel room and were not able to find oneself the letter.Dupin thusly goes to the ministers hotel room and easily retrieves the letter because he knows that the minister would hide it in plain sight, since he knew the police would come looking for it. Many of these aspects of Poes baloney are repeated in Doyles A Scandal in Bohemia. In A Scandal in Bohemia Holmes is confronted by an important king to retrieve a letter and a photo of him wit h his ex lover that proves their relationship. If the photo was released it could hurt his reputation immensely. The king has tried several(prenominal)(prenominal) things to retrieve the letter but was unsuccessful.Holmes then goes to the womans signboard and tricks her into revealing the location of the letter by faking a fire thinking that the photo would be the first thing she would grab. Because of these similarities between the two stories by Poe and Doyle it appears that Doyle had copied his ideas from Poe who had written his story years earlier. In Murders in the Rue Morgue, Dupin goes to investigate a murder scene. At this scene there are many clues that would lead one to think it was a human that committed the murder.However, it was difficult to come up with a motive for that person because bags of money were still on the floor and the women that were murdered hardly ever made contact with others which makes it difficult to believe that there is someone who would want to cause them harm. Dupin goes on to find some more(prenominal) clues that lead him to believe it wasnt a human that committed the crime but a sailors Ourang-Outang. Dupin then gets the sailor to come to his house and gets him to admit that it was his brute that committed the murder.Again these scenarios in Poes story are very similar to those in Doyles story The Adventure of the Speckled Band. In The Adventure of the Speckled Band, Holmes is consulted about a very suspicious case. A woman was killed a few years ago and before she died she had said it was the speckled band that killed her. Holmes goes to the house where she was killed to investigate. At first Holmes believes the speckled band was a group of gipsies that would hang out on their property, but after further investigating he had cognise it was not gipsies but a speckled snake that the girls father kept inside the house.Another huge similarity between the two stories that would imply Doyle had copied Poes ideas is the n arrator of the story. In Murders in the Rue Morgue and A Scandal in Bohemia the reader is disclosen a lot of instruction by the narrator about the primary(prenominal) character. In both stories the narrator is a close friend who lives with the detective. Also the narrator always tells the reader everything that is going on and he is also a fairly smart person but not as smart as the main character. Holmes and Dupin also have very similar detective methods.Both characters are capable of seeing things that normal people are not. They go away put themselves in the suspects shoes and think as they would to discover more clues. When they discover clues they will come up with a hypothesis and then investigate it until it is proven true or more clues are revealed to them causing them to come up with a new hypothesis. They also will never tell the narrator what they are thinking or ask him for advice. They do all of their sleuthing on their give birth and reveal it to the narrator once they have solved the case.In both Murders in the Rue Morgue and The Adventure of the Speckled Band the detectives inform their partner what they have been thinking all along and how they solved the mystery. Even though there are all these similarities between the Dupin and Holmes stories there are also many differences that give each story their own originality. For example, A Scandal in Bohemia is extremely similar to The Purloined Letter however, at the end Dupin is successful in his endeavour whereas Holmes is not.The endpoint of a story is always the most important and such a drastic difference between the two stories certainly provides Doyle with a little more originality. In Murders in the Rue Morgue which is very similar to The Adventure of the Speckled Band, Dupin comes up with his hypothesis and he is correct. In The Adventure of the Speckled Band Holmes comes up with his hypothesis but soon realizes that he was incorrect and is forced to come up with a new hypothesis. Du pin gives clear up the impression that he is the perfect detective that never makes mistakes and Holmes actually makes a mistake.This huge difference between the stories makes Doyles story very original and not so lots of a copy of Poes story. One noticeably large difference between the Dupin and Holmes stories is that of the background story of the mystery or information as to why the crime happened. In the Dupin stories the plot jumps right to the events that happened and what Dupin does to solve it. For example in Murders in the Rue Morgue Dupin reads about the murder in the paper and then goes to solve it. there is no background information given on the people involved in the murder.In the Holmes stories the reader is given significant amounts of background information to the characters involved in the mystery. For example in The Adventure of the Speckled Band the reader is given much information on the background of the victims in the murder. Being given this information the reader understands more how the victim is feeling and can become more involved in the story. This effect on the reader is something that makes the Doyle stories very original and not an exact copy of Poes stories.The biggest difference between Dupin and Holmes would have to be their personality. Dupin is described as a loner that sits at home and spends his time thinking whereas Holmes is a very well known person to other people and is also addicted to cocaine. Dupin can be seen as a very serious person where Holmes is more of a quirky and adventurous person. This difference between Holmes and Dupin gives Holmes a much more creative and interesting character than Dupin, implying that Doyle did not rip off Poes detective character when he was making his own.All of the similarities between Doyles stories and Poes stories would lead one to believe that Sherlock Holmes was just a rip off of Dupin. Since Poe was the first rootage to write about a detective it seems obvious that other au thors would take ideas from his stories just as Doyle did. There was most likely something that Poe had read or go through that gave him his ideas for Dupin so it is only natural for writers to get their ideas or concepts from other places.However, because of all the original ideas and differences to the Holmes stories I believe that Doyles detective stories are just as creative as Poes stories. It is the main ideas of the story such as the outcome or the personality of the main character that are different which causes the stories to actually be much different. For this reason I believe that the Holmes stories are genuinely original and that Arthur Conan Doyle made significant contributions to the detective story.

Wanderlust and Travel NT

Journeys can include those that are physical, mental or inner and are often accompanied by challenges that can change the soulfulness mostly for the better. Journeys are taken for many another(prenominal) reasons, some are taken from choice and others are compulsory. A journey can be lone or be accompanied. The outcomes of journeys may shape the individual as a person.I was not aware of the depth or many aspects of concept of journey work our study of it. After our study I have developed a appreciation not only of all of the things I have mentioned barely the simulate that journey has on the lives on everyone of us.Wanderlust by Dorothy Hewett explores journeys, both(prenominal) physical and imaginative. The poem starts off with a quote from another poem. When I was solely long dozen or so I went into a golden land and leads on to the protagonist stating that she wants to run short to the edge of the world. The reason for the girls desire for many traveling experiences first comes from the quote in W J Tuners Poem. Her wide spread of knowledge through her interest in books has excessively made her want to travel the world.In Wanderlust the protagonist reveals the imaginative journey she takes through her books that she reads. Her sense of experiencing journey in her head is shown throughout the poem. victorious off in a gypsy moth in the London to Sydney air race She wanted to travel to the edge of the world past the timberline The journeys undertaken in her mind have made her who she is. The realization of flavour is her journey through all the books and travels in her desire.In the final stanza the meaning of her journey is given, she really wants to travel but she cant. She put the books back on the shelf All the experiences given before were all fabricated in her imagination. Her ideas set alight her imagination which went wild, taking her all over the world. She rifled the Pharaohs bones looking slew from the tops of the Andes. Her experiences in all the stories have proven that she wants the leave her ordinariness of her life and travel the world. But on putting the books back and savoring her own surrounding she shows she is content to travel in her imagination via the books. Walked to the front gate, the moon was up she could smell the orchard in the coldThe ad by travelNT shows a young traveling couple following a physical journey. The sun down on the horizon and the beams reflecting the red off the surrounds has given a real tactile propertying of excitement and wonder. Seeing Palm valley made us feel like the luckiest people alive The quote on the other side of the picture relates to the near surrounding in which they intended to travel to. Followed by It was like stepping back through time, everything untouched as far as the eye can see inviting the reader to take a similar journey.The description gives a sense of tranquility, and the realization that the travelers can travel to a distance place where human kind has not disturbed the area. The physical journey made by the young couple can become a life changing experience through their having to cope with radical surroundings, different customs and learning new skills.Journeys often lead to a different perception of life and how it affects you. No matter what type of journey is taken, it affects the individual. In Wanderlust the protagonist wants to travel but only travels through her imagination and the young couple are adventurers traveling to distant planes, but in both cases the travelers may undergo significant changes as their result of their journey.The protagonist in Wanderlust conveys her experiences through her knowledge acquired from books and her imaginative travels while travel NT relates a physical journey however in both journeys the benefit was to widen their way of thinking of the people involvedThe skills gained from each journey are different. The physical journey provides problem solving, physical skills while in Wande rlust the protagonist shows her mental skills using her mind to imagine.Aside from the different journeys and destination they have taken, the important thing was not the journey itself but the how they engage themselves to the journey. In learning journey it seems that I was on a journey myself learning the aspects of concept of journey.The study on journey reflects what we might undergo in the future no matter what type of journey is involved. I have come to understand that our life is journey and may also encounter obstacles but will lead to many great experiences.

Education + Parents involvement Essay

Childhood carries a similar military strength for all the children boys and girls unto the age 3 years in respect of play, enjoyment and nurture. A c arful show of Montessori commandment reveals that the child develops determineing, read and a domestic-kind of assignment as a workshop, tells a lot nigh the child within three years. This is irrespective of the gender. Reading skills ar picked up by children moreover in this age.Influence on Early childhood teachingWorld Literacy of Canada (WLC) approach to early childhood education programming in recent years has been the Early Years of Study This study of Reversing the Real headland Drain (published in 1999) by Hon.Margaret Norrie McCain and Dr.J.Fraser Mustard. The findings areNeed for early childhood development programs based on the new under patronageing of brain development in the early years of and its effect on incidental learning, behavior and health for individuals.First three years of a child, sets the stag e for competence and coping skills for the posterior stages of life.Need for more integrated framework for early child development and parenting support.Recommendations for paternal guidanceParents mustiness be provided with awareness, support and skills for the early development of their children.Build relation with children.Undertake programs to parents and educators to learn new shipway to nurture children and develop responsive relationships between adults and children.Participation of parents in childrens programs. Interactive and supportive learning system with children along with parents. Active role with children in play and tuition at home. Create a safe and friendly environment for children. Create programs where children of all backgrounds and abilities provide feel loved and valued this leave behind stimulate brain development, learning and self-confidence. Play-based learning, and problem solving for young children under the guidance of educators and parents.Reso urces of early childhood development Toy and resource libraries Nutrition programs Cultural events for children .e.g mobile toy apply lending libraries Theme-based learning Play-kits.Special efforts and care for parents who are isolated to whileicipate and benefit from the program.Create an awareness that children are part of social structure and emphasis on early childhood development.Parents intricacy and its influence on accomplishment of Reading by bookmans.The approach of the parent towards children is of similar kind with regard to education. Parents who stay-at-home moms can commit more time for motivating children in their variation habits especially to boys, by studying their interests and by discussing the topics which entrust detail approximately their approach to reading habits.Compelling boys to read for a certain hours of a day, forcibly, would not derive maximum results, as some parents believe. Instead motivation and allowing the boys to think and re-think abo ut themselves, is certainly an exercise for the parents in the long run for developing reading habits.Todays tech-savvy days likewise stand as a hindrance to the attainment of reading habits to children. The reason being, an easy access to television, computer, internet, video games, sketch movies has enabled the children to move away from books, which is not at all a penny-pinching ground for school education. enatic guidance with teachers support is the only solution for imbibing reading habits to children.For instance, the recent devil Potter novels have created a large amount of selling of books around the world. Harry Potter, movies as healthful as books have been sold by publishers. This includes readers of all ages, including adolescents. Sorcerers Stone Chamber of Secrets captive of Ascaban Goblet of fireThis is a relevant example, that children do read books, based on fiction, magic and fun. When it comes to the reading of curriculum, children may not feel as intere sting as the fiction is. There is still stretch for creating energy and interest among the students, and it mostly rests on the shoulders of parents and teachers.The precious hours of study of students are in the environment of school. The warmheartedness area for their their learning activity and personality development. Students depict 60 percent effect of their school, while the parental guidance is only 40 percent. Most of the part what they are is shaped only in school. It is a well-known fact that parents and teachers work together to chip in the best out of the students.How can parents tell if teachers are doing a satis ciphery job?Ed Worlds Principal Files team members offer their perspective. include Look at the work students bring home and the hard sell.Parents communication with teachers is the key broker to the parents to know how their children are studying in the school.Term Grade papers, newsletters pay off a correct shot of students performance.According to Pr incipal Nina Newlin A teacher who has a good relationship with students is likely to be a regular parent informant.nformation can be through email, telephone but there is a genuine concern about events in classroom to inform to the parents..Mostly students evaluate a good teacher. Parents are also are guided by students in getting answers for their questions.Students are always innocent in answering to the questions of parents about the events in the classroom.Conversation at dinner table, a look at home work or a independent activity given, suggest to the parents, the performance of their children.A warm check over the assignments is very important duty on the part of parents for the overall efficiency of the student. It also discloses a fact to the student that he/she is being monitored closely and theres no luck to haywire.Many schools follow the procedure of being fair in classroom rules and procedures, tough in standards of performance, and fun in learning and classroom lesso nsfollow them home wherever it is required.Visiting school premises and honoring students in the classroom also gives a true picture and to the satisfaction of the parents.Volunteering also helps parent-teacher community to train the students for maximum achievements in their academic pursuit.Ultimately, if the student is happy and active in and out of learning area, it is learnt by the parent that the student is learning and happy in school area.What are effective steps for boys literacy with the involvement of parentsMany child psychologists agree that adaptation of psychological methods to motivate children in inculcating reading habits, would certainly bring about a change in the development of boys.A thorough, methodical and continuous assistance of the parents is required, without rattling(a) any punishments but rewards for one-to-one achievements that a child is prompted to do. In other words, if you read this particular book and tell me a reward would be a candy or a snack of your excerption. To this galore(postnominal) child psychologists agree.Children are more smarter than parents. Therefore, parents must never let the children know that they are indirectly pursuing the children towards the concept of sit with books for hours and read, instead an idea of helping hand or an nimbus of an activity should be created.Parents can also prepare a long-term plan for improving the reading habits, by maintaining a statistical record of hours of reading spent by the child. This will also give a clear picture to the parent, whether the goal is being attained.A good amount patience, having a corking understanding about the child, likes and dislikes, dos and donts, individual perception of the child towards the environment, study of personality will truly help the parent to remove the lacunae in the child.Particularly in the case of boys, in their adolescence they are action oriented. In other words, play indoor games, outdoor games, video games, watch movie s, ride bikes, are some of the areas of interest for a large number of boys.A good and plain discussion with boys, about their activities outdoor, at school or college, a bit of guidance, without involving any argumentative statements, will direct the boys to the sentiment area of their own attainments and to reach set goals. A good friend for a boy should be made available at home itself and that is none other than the parent.Many experts on education made the research study on boys reading habits. They formed an opinion that, boys mostly feel reading is an activity done by girls. Thus, boys are trailing behind the girls.A recent study in Canada, published in Reading Manitoba found that 76% of the boys interviewed did not see reading as a feminine activity, and 73% enjoyed reading.Experts opine that offering the choice of material according to the boys interest, would be a good solution in achieving reading habits to the boys.ConclusionEducation for children all over the world car ries a cracking importance. Nations which are developed have more advanced sources for imparting education viz., Australia, Newzealand, U.S., Britain. An analysis of education states that, many parents opt education overseas instead of domestic education. The reason being, parents believe, that the overseas curriculum is extensive, focusing the student to many aspects of education.Although this is partly true, the domestic education shapes the students K-12 and effective methods of imparting education and touching the interests areas of students must be developed.For instance., domestic projects, like how to do laundry how to be a good host attend a super market, these will outline the interests of a students and reveal so much of personality from the students. establish on the results, parents and teachers can study their interests, and accordingly encourage them reading habits in those areas, thereby students also set out to learn to be active. Modern day system of education, is such as mushroom of notes and homework, internals, exams, to some uttermost children also feel agitated over the system of education and lose the interest in studies.Adding to this, if parents try more on reading, they catch the boredom and flee to find fund moments elsewhere, which is a common factor among students. Finally to conclude, a change in system of education, close monitoring by parents and teachers will only lead the children back to the good old days of reading comics, enid blytons, phantom or sherlock holmes.www.worldlit.cahttp//www.liamodonnell.com/. word by Gary Hopkins,Education World Copyright 2004 Education World

A Comparison Of Wastewater Treatment Methods Environmental Sciences Essay

body of water constitutes over 70 % of the Earths surface and is a really of import resource for all people and the environment. If body of water gets polluted it cant be the elixr of life any longer to aquatic and to the wild life that see on it. Rivers and watercourses polluted with chemic substance contaminations account as one of the most important environmental jobs. body of water pollution is fundamentally a human fallacy.This used body of water is called outgoing . Turning population and quick industrialization has increased the stack of effluent manifold finally deteriorating the fresh weewee resources and environing environment out-of-pocket to inappropriate management.It is 99.94 per centum H2O, with notwithstanding 0.06 per centum of the effluent existence dissolved and suspended solid stuff.Infiltration/in hunt pert H2O that enters the cloaca system through with(predicate) indirect and direct agencies such as through leaking articulations, clefts, or por ous walls.Inflow is storm H2O that enters the cloaca system from storm drain connexions, roof headings, foundation and basement drains or through manhole screens Features Fresh, aerophilic, domestic H2O has been said to hold the smell of kerosine or newly turned Earth. Aged, infected sewerage is well much violative to the olfactory nerves.The characteristic rotten-egg smell of H sulphide and the mercaptans is declarative of infected sewage.Fresh sewerage is typically gray in colour.septic sewerage is black.The category of chemical compounds found in effluent be illimitable and so they atomic number 18 better known by the name of the trial used to mensurate them which are design5 and COD test.Industrial appendages generate a broad diverseness of effluent pollutants.The features and degrees of pollutants vary significantly from industry to industry.Waste-water tonus is assessed found on physical, chemical, and biological features. Physical parametric quantities take colorin g materials, smell, temperature, and turbidness. Insoluble contents such as solids, oil and lubricating oil, are to be considered chthonian this category.. Solids may be farther subdivided into suspended and dissolved solids every bit good as thorough ( volatile ) and in innate ( fixed ) fractions. Chemical factors to be considered are biochemical O pick out ( BOD ) , chemical O necessary ( COD ) , entire thoroughgoing C ( TOC ) , and entire O demand ( TOD ) . In natural chemical parametric quantities include salt, hardness, pH, sourness and alkalinity, every bit good as concentrations of ionised metals such as Fe and manganese, and anionic entities such as chlorides, sulphates, sulphides, nitrates and phosphates. Bacteriological parametric quantities include coliforms, fecal coliforms, specific pathogens, and viruses. Both components and concentrations vary with clip and local conditions.VARYING FLOW IssueWaste-water flow fluctuates with fluctuations in H2O use, which is affec ted by a battalion of factors including clime, commwholey surface, life criterions, dependableness and quality of H2O supply, H2O preservation demands or patterns, and the extent of metre services, in add-on to the grade of industrialization, comprise of H2O and supply pressure per unit area. Wide fluctuations in effluent flow rates may accordingly be expected to happen within a communityEffluent does non flux into a municipal effluent intercession works at a changeless rate. The flow rate varies from hr to hr. In most metropoliss, the form of day-to-day activities sets the form of sewerage flow and strength. Above-average sewerage flows and strength occur in mid-morning.The invariably altering sum and strength of effluent to be treated makes efficient procedure surgical operation difficult.Also, many interjection units must be designed for the maximal flow conditions encountered which really consequences in their being oversized for mean conditions.Flow equalisation is non a intervention procedure in itself, but a proficiency that can be used to better the effectivity of both secondary and advanced effluent intervention processes.The intent of flow equalisation is to stifle the fluctuations so that the effluent can be treated at a about changeless flow rate.Flow equalisation can significantly better the public initiation of an bing works and increase its utile skill.In new workss, flow equalisation can cut down the size and toll of the intervention units.Wastewater intervention options may be classified into groups of procedures harmonizing to the map they perform and their complexityThe basic modes of handling municipal effluent autumn into the undermentioned phases, which is shown in the signifier of block flowThe procedure flow diagram of a basic effluent intervention procedure is as follows stately WASTEWATER TREATMENT PROCESSESGeneral footings used to depict incompatible grades of intervention in order of change magnitude intervention degre e are preliminary, primary, secondary and third and/or advanced effluent intervention. prior intervention former intervention prepares botch up-water influent for farther intervention by cut downing or extinguishing non-favourable waste-water features that top executive otherwise impede operation or overly increase care of downstream procedures and equipment. These features include capacious solids and shreds, scratchy grit, smells, and, in certain instances, intolerably high extremum hydraulic or organic burdens. Preliminary intervention processes consist of physical unit operations, viz. testing and comminution for the remotion of dust and shreds, grit remotion for the riddance of coarse suspended affair, and floatation for the remotion of oil and lubricating oil. Other preliminary intervention operations include flow equalization, septage handling, and odour carry methods.Primary TreatmentPrimary intervention is designed to take organic and inorganic solids by the physical pr ocedures of deposit and flotation. About 30 40 % of the pollutants are removed from the waste Waterss. Primary intervention acts as a precursor for secondary intervention.Secondary interventionThe intent of secondary intervention is the remotion of soluble and colloidal organics and suspended solids that prepare escaped the primary intervention. This is typically done through biological procedures, viz. intervention by mad sludge, fixed-film play offors, or laguna systems and deposit.Chemical intervention utilizes a coagulator such as Fe or aluminium.Then solid organic affair and P are precipitated into larger pieces which are separated as sludge. Suspended solids removal through chemical intervention involves a series of three unit operations rapid commixture, flocculation and settling..A once-through chemical intervention system is shown below the tabular array.Advantage greater remotion efficiency, the feasibleness of utilizing higher overflow rates, and more consistent publi c presentation. On the other manus, curdling consequences in a larger mass of primary sludge that is frequently more hard to inspissate and dewater. It besides entails higher operational costs and demands greater attending on the band of the operator.Adsorption WITH ACTIVATED CARBONAdsorption is the procedure of roll uping soluble substances within a solution on a accommodate interface. In waste-water intervention, surface assimilation with activated carbon-a solid interface-usually follows normal biological intervention, and is aimed at taking a part of the staying dissolved organic matter.Particulate affair nowadays in the H2O may besides be removed.. The two most common types of activated C are farinaceous activated C ( GAC ) , which has a diameter greater than 0.1 millimeter, and powdered activated C ( PAC ) , which has a diameter of less than two hundred mesh. A schematic of an activated C contactor is shown below the tabular array.Advantage Exploitation powdered activated C in concurrence with traditional biological intervention provides first-class outflowing bio-assay consequences, provides for toxicity control within the bioreactor, and proAmotes higher nitrification efficiency than that of a conventional activated-sludge system.CWAOOxidation is a procedure widely used for effluent intervention by which the pollutants are removed or converted into more biodegradable substances. Catalytic moisture air oxidization ( CWAO ) is a liquid stage reaction between organic stuff in H2O and O. CWAO is an attractive intervention for waste watercourses, which are excessively dilute to incinerate and excessively operose for biological intervention. It can be defined as the oxidization of organic and inorganic substances in an aqueous solution or suspension by agencies of O or air at elevated temperatures and force per unit areas. It is besides called flameless burning Typical conditions for CWAO scope from 125 to 300a-C and at force per unit areas from 0.5 to 20 MPa. Residence times may alter from 15 to 120 min, and the chemical O demand ( COD ) remotion may typically be about 75-90 % .DECHLORINATIONDechlorination is the remotion of free and entire combine Cl resi due from chlorinated effluent wastewater before its reuse or discharge to having Waterss. Chlorine compounds react with many organic compounds in the wastewater to bring forth unsought toxic compounds that cause long inauspicious impacts on the H2O environment and potentially toxic cause on aquatic microorganisms. theme Adapted from Liu and Liptak, Wastewater TreatmentACTIVATED CARBON CONTACTOR Beginning Metcalf and Eddy, Wastewater Engineering, 3rd edition.Comparison OF CHEMICAL AND biologic atomic number 15 REMOVAL IN WASTEWATERFactorBIOLOGICAL PHOSPHORUS REMOVALCHEMICAL PHOSPHORUS REMOVALEFFLUENT QUALITYbiological P remotion was observed to make a lower berth limit of 0.4mg/l in the wastewaterChemical P remotion was observed to make whatsoever outflowing quality dema nd as more and more chemicals are dosedSLUDGE production ( The production of sludge is considered as a really of import factor in the pick of a effluent intervention method presents )Sludge production is less compared to chemical method.Chemical P remotion produces more sludge, approximately 25 % more sludge than by biological agencies.NEEDED PLANT hatfulAs the volume of the anaerobiotic zone of the Bio -P procedure is reduced, there are alterations in the outflowing quality and the efficiency of P remotion is reducedThe decrease of the volume of the anaerobiotic zone has no effects on the chemical P remotionConsumption OF ENERGYIt was possible to cut down the capacity of the aeration device down to 1000kg O2/hr and still hold good intervention consequences in footings of COD and newton remotion in the Bio-P process.Beyond this bound ( less than 100kg O2/hr ) COD and the Nitrogen in the wastewater are excessively high.Same sum of COD and Nitrogen in the wastewater is observed at 500kgO2/hr.So chemical method is more immune to decrease in aeration capacity than the Bio-P procedure by atleast 500kgO2/hr aeration capacity. frugal COST OF TREATMENT )Annual cost for sludge disposal is saved by Bio-P compared to chemical method.The cost of buying chemicals is high and no nest eggs with respect to sludge disposal compared to Bio-P remotion.The economic cost of intervention has been evaluated based on a summing up of the single costs associated with sludge production, cost of chemicals, competency cost and costs associated to volume nest eggs. The purpose of an economic cost is non to reflect the exact financial cost but an estimation that could be used as a guideline for the building of a new works or for comparing of the two procedures.DiscussionChemical VS BIOLOGICAL TREATMENTBiological procedure removes solid organic affair and dissolved organic affair. The chemical procedure removes solid organic affair and phosphorus.Chemical precipitation cleans the H2O re ally quickly, say in less than 15mins after the induction of the procedure, we pee-pee clean H2O, whereas with biological intervention it will take 3 hour to accomplish the same.Biological procedure fillet points relatively long clip and is dependent on the effectivity of the microorganisms.Chemical and Biological interventions work in different ways and accomplish different results.We have to find the major causes of O lack in Waterss and take the intervention in conformity with local environmental requirements.Purification in itself demands resources.Biological intervention requires a long remain clip and energy is consumed when air is blown into the sewerage water.Consequently the Biological works is large and more complex.The micro-organisms have to be adapted to the pollution which sensitises the whole system.Chemical refining requires add-on of coagulators which is done in a critical pool and at lower energy consumption.The entire energy used for chemical intervention is merely 15 % of that required for biological intervention, even if the energy used for production and distribution of coagulators is included.In footings of the entire ecological emphasis, the chemical procedure is favoured.Life rhythm appraisals show the biological procedure to be a larger consumer of resources and therefrom it is more negative interms of its full environmental impact.If there is no demand to take dissolved organic affair a biological procedure could make greater ecological harm than chemical procedure due to the entire energy ingestion and the natural stuffs used when building the works. The environment makes demands on the purification procedure and if advanced purification is necessary both biological and chemical methods must be used..In Norway, the bing chemical works built wholly within bedrock was extended with the N remotion system due to the increased food load.With the alone combination of chemical and biological procedures this works occupies less than half the volume of the conventional biological procedure.CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONSEffective effluent aggregation and intervention are of great vastness from the point of view of both environmental and public wellness. Any effluent intervention works of necessity important investing and Operation Maintenance and control, and hence any determination to implement such a installation should be carefully considered. It is non a good thought to reason that any intervention method is better than the other.Each one has its ain advantages and disadvantages.The pick of which method is to be used will depend on the society, the discharge demands and the costs they are ready to incur.As a concluding decision, the winning construct these yearss should non be based on which procedure should be used in isolation to the other, but instead utilizing the advantages of both processes unneurotic to obtain best consequences, while at the same clip understating their disadvantages. Extensive rese arch activity in this field has led to important betterment and variegation in the procedures and methods used for waste-water intervention and sludge direction. familiar wellness jeopardies are frequently associated with waste-water reuse, and accordingly it is indispensable to circulate cognition and information about the insecurity of natural waste-water reuse and issue safe reuse guidelines.